The creation of each 3D model takes 1–2 hours/specimen and much of the software pipeline is automated with minimal supervision required, including the onerous step of mesh processing. The hardware set-up requires little physical space and around $3,000 in initial investment, while the software pipeline requires $1,400/year for proprietary software subscriptions (with open-source alternatives). 3D photogrammetry aligns and compares sets of dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of photos to create 3D models. Here, we introduce an efficient and cost-effective pipeline for 3D photogrammetry to capture the external appearance of natural history specimens and other museum objects. However, current methods overlook or do not prioritize some of the most sought-after phenotypic traits, those involving the external appearance of specimens, especially color. 3D digitization is increasingly popular because it has the potential to meet both aspects of that key goal. Therefore, a key goal in specimen digitization is developing methods that both increase access and allow for the highest yield of phenomic data. Natural history collections are yielding more information as digitization brings specimen data to researchers, connects specimens across museums, and as new technologies allow for more large-scale data collection.
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